Paraphrasing is expressing what you have read or referenced in your own words. In some ways, paraphrasing is the opposite of plagiarism because it involves conveying in your own words what somebody else has expressed differently.

A ‘mixed’ approach allows flexibility in designing your research, allowing you to combine aspects of different types of studies, which can help you arrive at more comprehensive results. This article discusses when and how to design a mixed-methods study.

A hypothesis is a statement of a prediction about the outcome of a study. This article explains how to develop and write a research hypothesis with an example.

There can be valid reasons for considering withdrawal of your submitted article. This article discusses the various factors to consider and subsequent actions to take once you have determined that you wish to withdraw your academic article.

Footnotes and endnotes are important adjuncts in academic papers. They primarily serve the role of supplying additional information, which, if weaved into the main text, may reduce its ease of readability. This article explains how to use and write footnotes and endnotes in your academic papers.

A research journal can be a very useful supplement to your research work. In this article, we outline some practical ways to make full use of a research journal.

An annotated bibliography is an expanded bibliography, offering additional brief annotations – or notes – on each source. This article explains the purpose of maintaining an annotated bibliography and illustrates with examples for both STEM and SSAH.

This webinar, in the form of a panel discussion, provides insights and tips for avoiding article rejection by a journal.

Implications and recommendations are usually written after the study has been completed, and both appear at the end of the research paper, in the Discussion section. This article explains the difference between implications and recommendations along with examples.

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) checklist is a list of items related to how systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be reported. This article discusses how to use the PRISMA checklist meaningfully.

When setting off to produce either a systematic review or a meta-analysis, you are likely going to be thinking about things that need to be done from a research perspective. However, registration may not be at the forefront of your mind. This article discusses the importance of registering rigorous reviews such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and the factors to consider when doing so.

Perhaps one of the most accessible forms of academic publication, a book review can be written by researchers at any stage of their career. This article explains the process of initiating and writing a book review. At the end, it also provides a couple of examples of good book reviews.

It can be extremely fruitful and enlightening to collaborate with researchers from across the globe to hear different points of view, and get the most out of a project. This article discusses the reasons for collaborating on a research project as well as the best practices for a successfull research collaboration.

Building your research paper around a narrative format can help the reader follow the ‘story’ of what you’re bringing across more easily, thus enabling them to absorb the information more readily. This article discusses the benefits of telling a story in your research paper and shares some pointers for doing it well.

Scientific literature is categorised as either primary or secondary literature. This article delves into the differences between the two, and also addresses the question of which type of literature is allowed to use which as a reference.

The terms ‘conceptual framework’ and ‘theoretical framework’ are commonly used in referring to the overall structure that shapes a research project. This article explains the differences between them and also provides pointers on how to go about constructing each framework.

Grey literature is literature other than the more formal ‘academic’ forms of research papers, journal articles, books or conference proceedings. This article outlines some of the key details about grey literature and how to use it in your research.

Have you considered looking beyond academic sources to find other types of relevant work in your field? In this article, we explain how to look for and engage with non-traditional forms of literature for your literature reviews. 

A bibliography is a list of sources appended to a research paper for readers to consult if they wish to obtain more information on anything covered in the paper in question. This article offers information about a bibliography and also explains how it differs from a reference list.

In this webinar, our panel discusses how to deal with a predatory publisher and shares tips for how you can avoid submitting to a predatory journal.